# Searches for dipole form of anisotropies (on luminosity distances) in the universe with type Ia supernovae

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There are many articles like this one Testing the isotropy of the Universe by using the JLA compilation of type-Ia supernovae (PDF, arxiv.org) trying to search for a dipole effect in cosmology with type Ia supernovae (used as standard candles). The idea of this kind of search is to do a test of the cosmological principle on a phenomenological approach independantly of some given models (e.g. Tolman-Bondi anistropic model).

They consider a dipole effect on the distance modulus $$mu$$: $$mu leftarrow mu imes left(1+A_D (hat{ extbf{n}}cdot hat{ extbf{p}}) ight)$$ where $$hat{ extbf{n}}$$ is unitary vector pointing in the direction $$(l,b)$$ of the dipole with an amplitude of $$A_D$$ and $$hat{ extbf{p}}$$ points the direction of each Type Ia supernova. The distance modulus is related to luminosity distance $$d_l$$ as $$mu =5 log left(frac{d_l}{10 pc} ight)$$.

There is something that bothers me a bit:

Our peculiar velocity to the universe is usually estimated with the CMB dipole measuments, right? And so the reshifts of SNIa are computed in the CMB frame using this correction.

So, supposing we have that kind of cosmological ansisotropy, how it is not mistakenly corrected with the dipole anisotropy of the CMB (and could also be why all searches of this kind give us an amplitude of anisotropy compatible to 0)?

I mean, the CMB dipole implies a velocity of $$369.5pm3.0$$ km/s in the direction of $$l=264.4^{circ}pm0.3^{circ}$$ and $$b= 48.4^{circ}pm0,5^{circ}$$ according to COBE measurments. But what if the CMB dipole is not just due to our peculiar velocity but also to an unknown "cosmological effect"? This effect would be corrected and nothing will be see when try to make a dipole fit on SNIa measurement, right?

Isn't the point of using type Ia supernovae that they have an estimated distance that is independent of redshift?

$${f hat{n}}$$ here is not the direction of the CMB dipole, it is a free parameter in their model.

If distances were being estimated using redshift I guess you would have a point.

1. Wiellaby

This can be discussed forever

2. Watt

Thanks a lot for the info, now I will know.

3. Domenick

I'm sorry, but I think you are making a mistake. Email me at PM, we will talk.

4. Songaa

I can not participate now in discussion - it is very occupied. But I will return - I will necessarily write that I think.

5. Iskinder

Sorry for interfering ... I have a similar situation. I invite you to a discussion. Write here or in PM.

6. Tobechukwu

I'm sure this doesn't suit me at all. Who else can suggest?